Sunday, March 29, 2020

8 Postulates for the Professional Accountant free essay sample

An audit has been defined as â€Å"an independent examination of, and expression of opinion on, the financial statements of an enterprise by a duly appointed auditor in pursuance of a relevant statutory or professional obligation†. Independent – an auditor is remote from the enterprise that he/she is reporting on. This independence is defined by law and professional practice. Opinion – an auditor gives an opinion. He does not certify or guarantee the financial statements as accurate or free from error or irregularity. Financial statements are themselves imprecise because they are based on judgements and conventions. It is a common misconception that auditors are employed primarily to detect or prevent fraud and error. Duly appointed auditor – an external auditor holds office because of legal rules contained Postulates of auditing Academics have attempted to codify certain underlying principles or postulates, which serve as the basis of auditing theory. A postulate is a concept that can be observed to be relevant to some course of study. We will write a custom essay sample on 8 Postulates for the Professional Accountant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Certain postulates that underlie the practice of auditing have been identified:  ¦ Truth and fairness – the auditor is concerned that the financial statements under examination conform to law and best practice.  ¦ Independence – the auditor is independent through status and is truly objective in expression of opinion.  ¦ Evidence – an auditor arrives at his opinion through the systematic collection of evidential data on which his judgement is based.  ¦ Responsibility – the auditor does not prepare financial statements or guarantee their accuracy nor is he a business valuer. Alternatively small companies can choose voluntarily to undergo an annual audit. Practice Note PN 13 offers guidance to the auditors of small businesses. Many small businesses have uncomplicated activities and simple records, so an audit can easily be carried out. However, there may be only limited internal controls in operation, so the auditor may have to adopt a substantive vouching approach in the audit rather than relying on internal controls.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Top 5 Tips for a Summer Vacation on a Budget

Top 5 Tips for a Summer Vacation on a Budget How to Plan a Vacation on a Budget Many people struggle with the quest of going on a vacation with a thin wallet. But theres no need to worry knowing these five tips, youll be able to go on an amazing trip without spending much! Afford Summer Vacation With These 5 Tips Set a goal Do you know how much money you need to have to go on a vacation? Even if the expensive holiday isnt possible this year, think how much money you require to make your vacation happen and set a savings goal. Think that its too difficult? Just read on. Make a spending plan Quality summer planning requires a good spending plan. In case you dont have a household or a personal budget, creating one should be the first thing to do for finding money for your trip. Understand that it will be very difficult to save money if you dont know about all of your expenses. When people see all their planned expenses, it gets easier for them to decide what they can abstain from to achieve their savings goals. Cut back your expenses Once you have your spending plan before your eyes, you will clearly see what expenses you can trim to get extra money for your vacation. For instance, you can put your cable bill on hold during the spring months when the weather is fine. You may also plan your meals better so that youre eating out less and preparing meals yourself. All those little things, if adhered to strictly for months, can save you enough money to help you go on vacation. Setup automatic transfers Unfortunately, if were financially uneducated, we can become the worst enemies of our money. Therefore, we need to develop and use strategies that will keep our money safe from ourselves. You can use your credit union or bank to setup automatic transfers from your regular account to another account which you will find difficult to withdraw money from. It can be a high-interest savings account which isnt connected with your credit card. For instance, if you transfer $25 on a weekly basis, you can save up to $1,300 within one year. Ask yourself can I live without $25 a week? Sure you can! Dont ignore this little but smart trick to save money automatically. Choose staycation If you cant imagine a better place for vacation than your bed or money is really tight this year, you can choose not to travel anywhere. Staycations are becoming more and more popular, and in case youre interested in getting one, google top staycations ideas to get more info about it. If you use these smart tips, you will certainly find a way to save money for your next vacation even if money is tight this year. Its all about planning, organization, and a little bit of self-discipline.